Gliders for passive acoustic monitoring of the oceanic environment
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ocean gliders are quiet, buoyancy-driven, long-endurance, profiling autonomous platforms. Gliders therefore possess unique advantages as platforms for Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) of the marine environment. In this paper, we review available glider and passive acoustic monitoring systems, explore current potential uses monitoring-equipped study physical oceanography, biology, ecology regulatory purposes. We evaluate limiting factors surveys, such platform-generated flow noise, weight, size energy constraints, ability slow movement. Based on data from 34 missions, it was found that <13% time spent at sea unsuitable measurements, either because surface communications or manoeuvre, leaving remainder subsequent analysis. To facilitate broader use gliders, document best practices include workarounds typical challenges a mission. Three research priorities also identified to improve future observations: 1) Technological developments sensor integration preserve endurance; 2) improved sampling methods statistical analysis techniques perform population density estimation observations; 3) calibration record absolute noise levels, anthropogenic monitoring. It is hoped methodological will assist users broaden observational capability their instruments, help researchers in related fields deploy studies.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in remote sensing
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2673-6187']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2023.1106533